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Introduction The global economy is entering a new phase of transformation—one defined not only by digitalisation and artificial intelligence, but by the urgent need to transition toward a low-carbon, sustainable, and resilient system. Over the past decade, sustainability has evolved through several stages: Awareness → recognising environmental and social risks Disclosure → ESG reporting and regulatory frameworks Data → proliferation of sustainability metrics and ratings Yet d

Introduction Capital markets are entering a structural transition. Sustainability is no longer a peripheral reporting requirement—it is becoming a core determinant of risk, return, and long-term value. Yet the current financial system was not designed to internalise climate, environmental, and societal externalities. The result is a fundamental mismatch: Capital markets operate on financial infrastructure built for industrial-era assets The global economy now requires decisio

Introduction: The Missing Layer in Sustainable Finance Over the past decade, sustainable finance has grown rapidly—driven by ESG data, regulatory pressure, and increasing investor demand for responsible capital allocation. Yet despite this progress, a fundamental gap remains. Markets are rich in data , but poor in decision-grade systems . This gap is what we define as sustainability infrastructure —the foundational layer required to translate sustainability data into actionab

Introduction: The Illusion of Progress Over the past decade, sustainable finance has experienced rapid growth. ESG datasets have proliferated, reporting frameworks have multiplied, and financial institutions increasingly integrate sustainability metrics into decision-making. Yet despite this apparent progress, a fundamental problem persists: Sustainable finance remains structurally inefficient, fragmented, and difficult to scale. The reason is straightforward but often overlo

Introduction: The Next Evolution of Global Capital Markets Sustainability has rapidly moved from the periphery of finance to the centre of global economic decision-making. Governments are introducing sustainability disclosure frameworks, institutional investors are integrating ESG factors into their strategies, and corporations are increasingly aligning with climate and sustainability goals. Yet despite this momentum, an important structural gap remains. Global capital market